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The Colombian conflict began approximately in 1964 or 1966 and is an ongoing low-intensity asymmetric war between the Colombian government, paramilitary groups, crime syndicates and left-wing guerrillas such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, and the National Liberation Army (ELN), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=War and Drugs in Colombia - International Crisis Group )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neo-Paramilitary Groups Consolidating in Colombia: Report )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neo-paramilitaries do not deserve political status: Govt )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=armed conflict Archives - Colombia News - Colombia Reports )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=peace talks Archives - Colombia News - Colombia Reports )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Colombian "War on Drugs", A Family Affair - SHOAH )〕 It is historically rooted in the conflict known as La Violencia, which was triggered by the 1948 assassination of populist political leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, and in the aftermath of United States-backed strong anti-communist repression in rural Colombia in the 1960s that led liberal and communist militants to re-organize into FARC. The reasons for fighting vary from group to group. The FARC and other guerrilla movements claim to be fighting for the rights of the poor in Colombia to protect them from government violence and to provide social justice through communism. The Colombian government claims to be fighting for order and stability, and seeking to protect the rights and interests of its citizens. The paramilitary groups claim to be reacting to perceived threats by guerrilla movements.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 War on Drugs and Human Rights in Colombia )〕 Both guerrilla and paramilitary groups have been accused of engaging in drug trafficking and terrorism. All of the parties engaged in the conflict have been criticized for numerous human rights violations. According to a study by Colombia's National Centre for Historical Memory, 220,000 people have died in the conflict between 1958 and 2013, most of them civilians (177,307 civilians and 40,787 fighters) and more than five million civilians were forced from their homes between 1985 – 2012, generating the world’s second largest population of internally displaced persons (IDPs). ==Armed conflict== The armed conflict in Colombia is rooted in a combination of causes that are based on the economic, political and social situation in the country years ago. In the early period (1974-1982), guerrilla groups like the FARC, the ELN and others focused on slogan of greater equality through communism, and they came to have support from some sections of the local population. However, the armed action changed since the mid-1980s when Colombia granted greater political independence and strengthened fiscal policy of local governments, that is why the Colombian Government strengthened its institutional presence in the country.〔 In 1985, the FARC co-created the left-wing Patriotic Union (UP) political party. Eventually, the UP distanced itself from insurgent groups. However, "right-wing paramilitaries apparently linked to the armed forces" committed a mass murder of the party members during the 1980s and 90s. On May 16, 1961 President John F. Kennedy announced the second project of the Peace Corps (an initiative of the Government of the United States to contain communism) would be held in Colombia. 64 volunteers would be in charge of assisting rural communities in agricultural development, construction, education and health projects. Paradoxically, part of the intension of rural development of the American volunteers in Colombia ended in the Bonanza Marimbera. American volunteers became small drug dealers of a business which subsequently would be handled by the American Mafia with the collaboration of Colombian traffickers. The mafia in Colombia had its origin in the 1970s with the introduction of drug trafficking by the United States to Colombia. Cocaine manufactured in Colombia was historically mostly consumed in the US and the EU.〔 After the Colombian Government dismantled many of the drug cartels that appeared in the country during the 1980s, left-wing guerrilla groups and rightwing paramilitary organizations resumed some of their drug-trafficking activities and resorted to extortion and kidnapping for financing. These activities led to a loss of support from the local population.〔 During the presidency of Álvaro Uribe, the government applied more military pressure on the FARC and other outlawed groups. After the offensive, many security indicators improved. Since 2002 the violence decreased significantly, with some paramilitary groups demobilizing as part of a controversial peace process and the guerrillas lost control of much of the territory they had once dominated. Colombia achieved a great decrease in cocaine production, leading White House drug czar R. Gil Kerlikowske to announce that Colombia is no longer the world's biggest producer of cocaine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Colombia grew less coca in 2012, UN survey reports )〕 The United States of America is still the world's largest consumer of illegal drugs. In February 2008, millions of Colombians demonstrated against the FARC. 26,648 FARC and ELN combatants have decided to demobilize since 2002.〔 During these years the military forces of the Republic of Colombia managed to be strengthened. The Peace process in Colombia, 2012 refers to the dialogue between the Colombian government and guerrilla of FARC-EP with the aim to find a political solution to the armed conflict. The Colombian government and rebel groups meet in Cuba. As of September 2015, the talks have led to significant breakthroughs. The government also began a process of assistance and reparation for victims of conflict.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Unidad de restitución de tierras )〕 Recently, U.P. supporters reconstituted the political party, within the process of reconciliation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colombian conflict (1964–present)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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